Auditory Brainstem response electrophysiological thresholds with narrow band chirps stimuli in hearing infants.

OBJECTIVES: to describe reference values for the electrophysiological thresholds obtained in the frequency-specific Auditory Brainstem Response (fsABR) with the NB CE-Chirp® LS and NB iChirp stimuli in hearing infants and to compare the variables: Minimum Levels of Response (MLR), latency, amplitude and examination time. METHODS: the sample consisted of 74 full-term infants, with a mean age of 23.11 days, 29 females and 45 males. The participants underwent fsABR at the frequencies of 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz, to measure the MLR with the NB CE-Chirp® LS stimulus in the Eclipse equipment, and with the NB iChirp stimulus in the SmartEP, all in natural sleep and performed in the same session. The waveforms were evaluated by judges and later, for the comparison of thresholds and examination time, analyzed with the Wilcoxon test. To compare latency and amplitude, the Student's T Test and ANOVA were used for the same variables, but with the same stimulus. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the examination time at the different frequencies. RESULTS: The MLR and latency at 500 Hz and 1000 Hz showed a statistically significant difference between the stimuli, with lower thresholds and higher latencies for the NB iChirp. Higher amplitudes were obtained with the NB iChirp stimulus. The average examination time for the threshold investigation in the four frequencies was 40 min for each ear. CONCLUSION: it was possible to present reference values for the MLR and latencies for the NB CE-Chirp® LS and NB iChirp stimuli for hearing infants. In addition, with the NB iChirp, the latency of the responses was influenced by the frequency, but it was the stimulus that provided greater amplitudes. With the NB CE-Chirp® LS, the frequency did not influence latency, except at 500 Hz, and the stimulus provided recordings that facilitated the visualization of wave V. There was no difference in the examination time between the stimuli, nor between the test frequencies.

Auditory Brainstem Response with the iChirp stimuli in the infant's audiological diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the use of the iChirp stimulus in the infant's audiological diagnosis compared to stimuli typically used in the ABR in infants, in addition to suggesting reference values for the assessment of this population. METHODS: 62 infants participated in the study, 29 females and 33 males. The subjects underwent the recording of the Auditory Brainstem Response in the Smart Ep equipment, with the stimuli click, iChirp-broadband, tone burst and iChirp-narrowband, which were presented at three levels of intensity (20 dB, 40 dB and 60 dB) and, for tone burst and iChirp-narrowband stimuli, at different frequencies (0.5, 1 k, 2 k and 4 KHz). The data were later analyzed using Student's t-test. RESULTS: In general, the iChirp-broadband and iChirp-narrowband stimuli showed higher latency values and greater amplitudes when compared to click and tone burst stimuli. Furthermore, better signal-to-noise ratios were observed when contrasting iChirp-narrowband with tone burst. Additionally, reference values were established for the assessment of ABR in infants with the iChirp-broadband and iChirp-narrowband in the Smart-Ep equipment. CONCLUSION: The iChirp stimulus appears to be promising in the infant's audiological diagnosis, as its use promoted greater amplitudes and better wave morphology, which facilitates to mark the waveforms and provides greater efficiency in the investigation of the auditory thresholds. The indication of normative data also enables the clinical use of these stimuli in the infant's audiological diagnosis.

Prevalence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in Brazil based on oral fluid analysis of samples collected at electronic music festivals and parties.

BACKGROUND: New psychoactive substances (NPS) use is a worldwide public health issue. Knowing the prevalence of NPS guides public health and legal policies to address the problem. The objective of this study was to identify NPS in Brazil through the analysis of oral fluid (OF) samples collected at parties and electronic music festivals. METHODS: Anonymous questionnaires and oral fluid samples were collected from volunteers (≥18 years) who reported the consumption of at least one illicit psychoactive substance in the last 24 h. Oral fluid sample collections occurred at eleven parties and two electronic music festivals over 16 months (2018-2020). Questionnaire answers were matched to oral fluid toxicological results. RESULTS: Of 462 oral fluid samples, 39.2 % were positive for at least one NPS by liquid chromatography‒tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The most prevalent NPS was ketamine (29.4 %), followed by methylone (6.1 %) and N-ethylpentylone (4.1 %); however, MDMA was the most commonly identified (88.5 %) illicit psychoactive substance. More than one drug was identified in 79.9 % of samples, with two (34.2 %) and three (23.4 %) substances most commonly observed. Only 5 % of volunteers reported recent NPS consumption. CONCLUSION: MDMA is still the most common party and electronic music festival drug, although NPS were identified in more than one-third of oral fluid samples.

Protocol for static posturography with dynamic tests in individuals without vestibular complaints using the Horus system. / Protocolo para posturografia estática com provas dinâmicas em indivíduos sem queixas vestibulares utilizando o sistema Horus.

PURPOSE: To propose a protocol for investigating the body balance and determining reference values in different age groups and gender, using the methodology of static posturography with dynamic tests, in low-cost Brazilian equipment for diagnosing balance. METHODS: The objectives of this study aimed to propose a protocol for investigating the body balance and determining reference values in different age groups and gender, using the methodology of static posturography with dynamic tests, in new low-cost Brazilian equipment for diagnosing balance. Method: 297 healthy volunteers, between 20 and 89 years old, without vestibular complaints, were divided into six groups according to age group and gender. Stability limits and seven sensory conditions named from C1 to C7 were evaluated. The work was carried out using Horus equipment, manufactured in Brazil. RESULTS: The reference values of the stability limit for females and males were obtained according to the ages: from 20 to 59 (≥ 12,594 mm2 and ≥ 19,221 mm2); from 60 to 69 (≥ 7,031 mm2 and ≥ 12,161 mm2); from 70 to 89 (≥ 6,340 mm2 and ≥ 8,794 mm2). For sensory integration tests under conditions C1 to C7, as age increased, the values of the Confidence Ellipse (CE) area also increased. Reference percentile values were established for Residual Functional Balance (RFB) and Sensory Analysis (SA). CONCLUSION: A protocol was established to investigate body balance via static posturography as well as reference values for normal individuals were determined, according to the different gender and age groups.

OBJETIVO: Propor um protocolo de investigação do equilíbrio corporal e determinar valores de referência para diferentes faixas etárias e gênero aplicando a metodologia da posturografia estática com provas dinâmicas em novo equipamento brasileiro de baixo custo para diagnóstico do equilíbrio. MÉTODO: 297 voluntários hígidos, adultos, idosos e sem queixas vestibulares foram divididos em seis grupos, segundo faixa etária e gênero. Foram avaliados os limites de estabilidade e sete condições sensoriais (C1: olhos abertos, superfície estável; C2: olhos fechados, superfície estável; C3: olhos abertos, superfície instável; C4: olhos fechados, superfície instável; C5: estimulação optocinética para a direita, superfície instável; C6: estimulação optocinética para a esquerda, superfície instável; C7: estimulação túnel, superfície instável). O trabalho foi realizado com o equipamento Horus, fabricado pela empresa brasileira Contronic Sistemas Automáticos. RESULTADOS: Os valores de referência do limite de estabilidade foram obtidos para os gêneros feminino e masculino respectivamente, nas faixas de 20 a 59 anos (≥ 12.594 mm2 e ≥ 19.221 mm2), de 60 a 69 anos (≥ 7.031 mm2 e ≥ 12.161 mm2) e de 70 a 89 anos (≥ 6.340 mm2 e ≥ 8.794 mm2). Nos testes de integração sensorial nas condições C1 a C7, conforme aumentou a idade, aumentaram também os valores da área de elipse de confiança. Foram estabelecidos valores percentis de referência para equilíbrio funcional residual e análise sensorial. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível estabelecer um protocolo para investigar o equilíbrio corporal com valores de referência em função de diversas faixas etárias e gêneros.

Protocolo para posturografia estática com provas dinâmicas em indivíduos sem queixas vestibulares utilizando o sistema Horus / Protocol for static posturography with dynamic tests in individuals without vestibular complaints using the Horus system

RESUMO Objetivo Propor um protocolo de investigação do equilíbrio corporal e determinar valores de referência para diferentes faixas etárias e gênero aplicando a metodologia da posturografia estática com provas dinâmicas em novo equipamento brasileiro de baixo custo para diagnóstico do equilíbrio. Método 297 voluntários hígidos, adultos, idosos e sem queixas vestibulares foram divididos em seis grupos, segundo faixa etária e gênero. Foram avaliados os limites de estabilidade e sete condições sensoriais (C1: olhos abertos, superfície estável; C2: olhos fechados, superfície estável; C3: olhos abertos, superfície instável; C4: olhos fechados, superfície instável; C5: estimulação optocinética para a direita, superfície instável; C6: estimulação optocinética para a esquerda, superfície instável; C7: estimulação túnel, superfície instável). O trabalho foi realizado com o equipamento Horus, fabricado pela empresa brasileira Contronic Sistemas Automáticos. Resultados Os valores de referência do limite de estabilidade foram obtidos para os gêneros feminino e masculino respectivamente, nas faixas de 20 a 59 anos (≥ 12.594 mm2 e ≥ 19.221 mm2), de 60 a 69 anos (≥ 7.031 mm2 e ≥ 12.161 mm2) e de 70 a 89 anos (≥ 6.340 mm2 e ≥ 8.794 mm2). Nos testes de integração sensorial nas condições C1 a C7, conforme aumentou a idade, aumentaram também os valores da área de elipse de confiança. Foram estabelecidos valores percentis de referência para equilíbrio funcional residual e análise sensorial. Conclusão Foi possível estabelecer um protocolo para investigar o equilíbrio corporal com valores de referência em função de diversas faixas etárias e gêneros.

ABSTRACT Purpose To propose a protocol for investigating the body balance and determining reference values in different age groups and gender, using the methodology of static posturography with dynamic tests, in low-cost Brazilian equipment for diagnosing balance. Methods The objectives of this study aimed to propose a protocol for investigating the body balance and determining reference values in different age groups and gender, using the methodology of static posturography with dynamic tests, in new low-cost Brazilian equipment for diagnosing balance. Method: 297 healthy volunteers, between 20 and 89 years old, without vestibular complaints, were divided into six groups according to age group and gender. Stability limits and seven sensory conditions named from C1 to C7 were evaluated. The work was carried out using Horus equipment, manufactured in Brazil. Results The reference values of the stability limit for females and males were obtained according to the ages: from 20 to 59 (≥ 12,594 mm2 and ≥ 19,221 mm2); from 60 to 69 (≥ 7,031 mm2 and ≥ 12,161 mm2); from 70 to 89 (≥ 6,340 mm2 and ≥ 8,794 mm2). For sensory integration tests under conditions C1 to C7, as age increased, the values of the Confidence Ellipse (CE) area also increased. Reference percentile values were established for Residual Functional Balance (RFB) and Sensory Analysis (SA). Conclusion A protocol was established to investigate body balance via static posturography as well as reference values for normal individuals were determined, according to the different gender and age groups.

O uso do Mini-Exame do estado Mental colabora notratamento da fibromialgia / The use of the Mini-Mental State Examination is an auxiliary tool in the treatment offibromyalgia

A presença de alterações cognitivas em pacientes com Fibromialgia (FM) desafia aclínica e a pesquisa. Com o objetivo de contribuir com a melhora do tratamento deuma síndrome tão prevalente e que causa incapacidade funcional significativa, foirealizado estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa com 61 pacientes,utilizando-se o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), a Escala UnidimensionalNumérica Verbal, um questionário para coleta de dados sociodemográficos e pararegistrar a presença de sintomas associados. Os resultados do MEEM mostraramelevado percentual de rastreio positivo para déficit cognitivo associado à FM (60,7%),sendo que os domínios com menor desempenho foram “atenção e cálculo” e“evocação”. Os principais sintomas associados foram: dificuldade de memória, deconcentração e sono não reparador. O segmento da amostra com queixa dedificuldade de concentração apresentou maiores escores na pontuação de dor ecorrelação com os domínios específicos do MEEM “orientação tempo/espaço” e“linguagem”. Esses resultados demonstraram que a aplicação do MEEM pode melhorsubsidiar o tratamento pela equipe interdisciplinar ao fornecer informaçõescomplementares na exploração da queixa do paciente.

The presence of cognitive disabilities in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) challengesclinical practice and research. With the goal of improving the treatment of such aprevalent syndrome that causes significant functional inability, it was made a crosssectionalstudy with a quantitative approach with 61 patients, using the Mini-MentalState Exam (MMSE), the Verbal Numeric Scale and a questionnaire for collectingsociodemographic data and to register the presence of associated symptoms. TheMMSE results showed high percentage of cognitive impairment associated with FM(60.7%) in this sample, and the domains of the MMSE that showed the worseperformance were “attention and calculation” and “recall”. The most frequent associated symptoms were: attention and memory complaints and non-restorativesleep. The part of the sample with concentration complaints had higher scores in thepain scale and a correlation with the MMSE specific domains “orientationtime/space” and “language”. These results showed that applying the MMSE canallow a more satisfying treatment for the interdisciplinary team by bringingcomplementary information in exploring the patient’s complaints.

O uso do Mini-Exame do estado Mental colabora no tratamento da fibromialgia / The use of the Mini-Mental State Examination is an auxiliary tool in the treatment of fibromyalgia

A presença de alterações cognitivas em pacientes com Fibromialgia (FM) desafia aclínica e a pesquisa. Com o objetivo de contribuir com a melhora do tratamento deu ma síndrome tão prevalente e que causa incapacidade funcional significativa, foi realizado estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa com 61 pacientes,utilizando-se o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), a Escala Unidimensiona lNumérica Verbal, um questionário para coleta de dados sociodemográficos e para registrar a presença de sintomas associados. Os resultados do MEEM mostraram elevado percentual de rastreio positivo para déficit cognitivo associado à FM (60,7%),sendo que os domínios com menor desempenho foram "atenção e cálculo" e"evocação". Os principais sintomas associados foram: dificuldade de memória, de concentração e sono não reparador. O segmento da amostra com queixa d edificuldade de concentração apresentou maiores escores na pontuação de dor e correlação com os domínios específicos do MEEM "orientação tempo/espaço" e"linguagem". Esses resultados demonstraram que a aplicação do MEEM pode melhor subsidiar o tratamento pela equipe interdisciplinar ao fornecer informações complementares na exploração da queixa do paciente.

The presence of cognitive disabilities in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) challengesclinical practice and research. With the goal of improving the treatment of such aprevalent syndrome that causes significant functional inability, it was made a crosssectionalstudy with a quantitative approach with 61 patients, using the Mini-MentalState Exam (MMSE), the Verbal Numeric Scale and a questionnaire for collectingsociodemographic data and to register the presence of associated symptoms. TheMMSE results showed high percentage of cognitive impairment associated with FM(60.7%) in this sample, and the domains of the MMSE that showed the worseperformance were "attention and calculation" and "recall". The most frequent associated symptoms were: attention and memory complaints and non-restorativesleep. The part of the sample with concentration complaints had higher scores in thepain scale and a correlation with the MMSE specific domains "orientationtime/space" and "language". These results showed that applying the MMSE canallow a more satisfying treatment for the interdisciplinary team by bringingcomplementary information in exploring the patient's complaints.

LS CE-Chirp® vs. Click in the neuroaudiological diagnosis by ABR / LS CE-Chirp® vs. Clique no diagnóstico neuroaudiológico pelo PEATE

Abstract Introduction: The chirp stimulus was developed seeking to counterbalance the delay of the sound wave on its journey through the cochlea, allowing the hair cells to depolarize at the same time. The result is a simultaneous stimulation providing better neural synchrony and, consequently, the recording of responses with greater amplitudes. Objective: To compare the absolute latency of waves I, III and V, the interpeak intervals I-III, III-V and I-V, amplitude values of wave V and its association with the amplitude of wave I, and the interaural difference V-V in the auditory brainstem response (ABR) using Click and LS CE-Chirp® stimuli to determine whether the responses evoked by LS CE-Chirp® could be applied to neuroaudiological diagnosis. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 30 normal-hearing individuals. The parameters used were: intensity of 85 dBnHL, alternating polarity; 17.1 stimuli/s and 100-3000 Hz filters. Results: The absolute latencies of waves I, III and V observed with LS CE-Chirp® and click did not show significant differences. Significantly higher amplitudes of wave V were observed with the LS CE-Chirp®. The interaural difference between the wave V latencies between stimuli showed no significant difference. Conclusion: The LS CE-Chirp® stimulus was shown to be as efficient as the click to capture ABR at high levels of stimulation, with the advantage of producing greater-amplitude V waves.

Resumo Introdução: O chirp foi desenvolvido para compensar o atraso da onda sonora em seu trajeto pela cóclea e possibilitar que as células ciliadas despolarizassem ao mesmo tempo. O resultado é uma estimulação simultânea que proporciona uma melhor sincronia neural e consequentemente o registro de respostas ocorre com maiores amplitudes. Objetivo: Comparar a latência absoluta das ondas I, III e V, os intervalos interpicos I-III, III-V e I-V, os valores de amplitude da onda V e sua relação com a amplitude da onda I e a diferença interaural V-V no Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico com o uso dos estímulos clique e LS CE-Chirp®, a fim de determinar se as respostas evocadas por LS CE-Chirp® poderiam ter aplicabilidade no diagnóstico neuroaudiológico. Método: Estudo transversal com 30 indivíduos normo-ouvintes. Os parâmetros usados foram: intensidade de 85 dBnNA, polaridade alternada; 17,1 estímulo/s e filtros de 100-3000 Hz. Resultado: As latências absolutas das ondas I, III e V observadas com LS CE-Chirp® e clique não tiveram diferenças significativas. Amplitudes significativamente maiores da onda V foram observadas com o LS CE-Chirp®. A diferença interaural entre as latências da onda V entre os estímulos não mostrou variação significativa. Conclusão: O estímulo LS CE-Chirp® mostrou ser tão eficiente quanto o clique na captação do potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico, em níveis elevados de estimulação, com a vantagem de produzir ondas V de maior amplitude.

LS CE-Chirp® vs. Click in the neuroaudiological diagnosis by ABR.

INTRODUCTION: The chirp stimulus was developed seeking to counterbalance the delay of the sound wave on its journey through the cochlea, allowing the hair cells to depolarize at the same time. The result is a simultaneous stimulation providing better neural synchrony and, consequently, the recording of responses with greater amplitudes. OBJECTIVE: To compare the absolute latency of waves I, III and V, the interpeak intervals I-III, III-V and I-V, amplitude values of wave V and its association with the amplitude of wave I, and the interaural difference V-V in the auditory brainstem response (ABR) using Click and LS CE-Chirp® stimuli to determine whether the responses evoked by LS CE-Chirp® could be applied to neuroaudiological diagnosis. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 30 normal-hearing individuals. The parameters used were: intensity of 85dBnHL, alternating polarity; 17.1 stimuli/s and 100-3000Hz filters. RESULTS: The absolute latencies of waves I, III and V observed with LS CE-Chirp® and click did not show significant differences. Significantly higher amplitudes of wave V were observed with the LS CE-Chirp®. The interaural difference between the wave V latencies between stimuli showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION: The LS CE-Chirp® stimulus was shown to be as efficient as the click to capture ABR at high levels of stimulation, with the advantage of producing greater-amplitude V waves.

Auditory evoked potential P300 in adults: reference values.

OBJECTIVE: To establish reference intervals for cognitive potential P300 latency using tone burst stimuli. METHODS: This study involved 28 participants aged between 18 and 59 years. P300 recordings were performed using a two-channel device (Masbe, Contronic). Electrode placement was as follows: Fpz (ground electrode), Cz (active electrode), M1 and M2 (reference electrodes). Intensity corresponded to 80 dB HL and frequent and rare stimulus frequencies to 1,000Hz and 2,000Hz, respectively. Stimuli were delivered binaurally. RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 35 years. Average P300 latency was 305ms. CONCLUSION: Maximum acceptable P300 latency values of 362.5ms (305 + 2SD 28.75) were determined for adults aged 18 to 59 years using the protocol described. OBJETIVO: Estabelecer valores de referência para a latência do potencial cognitivo P300 com estímulos tone burst. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 28 indivíduos entre 18 e 59 anos. O registro do P300 foi realizado no equipamento Masbe da marca Contronic. Os eletrodos foram fixados nas posições Fpz (eletrodo terra), Cz (eletrodo ativo), M1 e M2 (eletrodos referência). A intensidade foi de 80 dB NA. A frequência do estímulo frequente foi de 1.000Hz e a do estímulo raro de 2.000Hz. Os estímulos foram apresentados na forma binaural. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos indivíduos foi de 35 anos. A média de latência para P300 de 305ms. CONCLUSÃO: Usando o protocolo descrito, o valor máximo de latência aceitáveis para P300 foram de 362,5ms (305 + 2DP 28,75) na faixa etária do adulto de 18 a 59 anos.

Auditory evoked potential P300 in adults: reference values / Potencial evocado auditivo P300 em adultos: valores de referência

ABSTRACT Objective To establish reference intervals for cognitive potential P300 latency using tone burst stimuli. Methods This study involved 28 participants aged between 18 and 59 years. P300 recordings were performed using a two-channel device (Masbe, Contronic). Electrode placement was as follows: Fpz (ground electrode), Cz (active electrode), M1 and M2 (reference electrodes). Intensity corresponded to 80 dB HL and frequent and rare stimulus frequencies to 1,000Hz and 2,000Hz, respectively. Stimuli were delivered binaurally. Results Mean age of participants was 35 years. Average P300 latency was 305ms. Conclusion Maximum acceptable P300 latency values of 362.5ms (305 + 2SD 28.75) were determined for adults aged 18 to 59 years using the protocol described.

RESUMO Objetivo Estabelecer valores de referência para a latência do potencial cognitivo P300 com estímulos tone burst. Métodos Participaram do estudo 28 indivíduos entre 18 e 59 anos. O registro do P300 foi realizado no equipamento Masbe da marca Contronic. Os eletrodos foram fixados nas posições Fpz (eletrodo terra), Cz (eletrodo ativo), M1 e M2 (eletrodos referência). A intensidade foi de 80 dB NA. A frequência do estímulo frequente foi de 1.000Hz e a do estímulo raro de 2.000Hz. Os estímulos foram apresentados na forma binaural. Resultados A média de idade dos indivíduos foi de 35 anos. A média de latência para P300 de 305ms. Conclusão Usando o protocolo descrito, o valor máximo de latência aceitáveis para P300 foram de 362,5ms (305 + 2DP 28,75) na faixa etária do adulto de 18 a 59 anos.

Fibrosis and Mast Cells in Colorectal Lesions: Significance in Adenoma-Colorectal Cancer Sequence and Association with Diet.

PURPOSE: Adenoma is the most common benign neoplasm with potential to progress into colorectal cancer (CRC), a disease responsible for high rates of mortality. However, it is not possible yet to establish which lesions will evolve into CRC. We aimed to investigate the intrinsic factors, diet profile, and microenvironment as factors involved in adenoma-CRC progression. METHODS: We evaluated nutritional profile and microscopic features. Adenomas and CRC lesions were stained with Mallory's trichrome to reveal fibrosis and Alcian blue to identify mast cells. RESULTS: A total of 143 patients was selected, 66 % diagnosed with normal mucosa, 28.4 % with benign lesion, and 5.6 % with CRC. A higher frequency of lesions was associated with patients older than 50 years (26.57 %) and women (18.18 %), but men were more likely to develop CRC. Regarding microscopic aspects, epithelium-connective tissue interface with disorganization feature was significantly higher in CRC when compared to adenoma (P = 0.0007). A greater fibrosis around vessels was also observed in CRC (P = 0.01). The statistical analysis indicated a significant correlation between mast cell population and patients older than 50 years (P < 0.01), male (P < 0.01), with right colon lesion (P < 0.05) and CRC. Low consumption of leafy greens (P < 0.001) and carotenoids (P < 0.01) and elevated consumption of red meat (P < 0.001) were associated with a high density of mast cells. CONCLUSIONS: An association between clinical, diet profile, and microscopic features in colorectal lesions was observed, with a progressive change in the microenvironment during adenoma-CRC sequence.

Obesidade e variáveis polissonográficas empacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono / Obesity and polysomnographic variables on patients with obstructivesleep apnea

Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (AOS) e a obesidade, são condições que vem ganhando importância devido à alta prevalênciae influência na saúde dos indivíduos. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi comparar variáveis polissonográficas entrepacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) classificados como eutróficos, com sobrepeso ou obesos. Foram avaliados88 pacientes divididos em grupo eutrófico (GE; n=21; IMC=23,4±1,3kg/m2), sobrepeso (GS; n=34; IMC=27,5±1,4kg/ m2)e obeso (GO; n=33; IMC=33,6±2,9kg/m2) que realizaram polissonografia basal de noite inteira para diagnóstico da AOS.Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: estágios 1, 2 e 3 do sono (N1, N2 e N3), sono REM, índice de movimentos periódicosde membros inferiores (MPMI), índice de apneia e hipopneia (IAH), IAH no sono REM (IAHREM) e índice demicrodespertares (IMD). O GO apresentou elevação do N2 (p=0,036), do IAHREM (p=0,001) e do IMD (p=0,004) emcomparação ao GE. O IAH foi maior no GO do que no GE (p<0,001) e no GS (p=0,014). O GO apresentou redução doN3 em relação ao GE (p=0,016) e ao GS (p=0,003). Houve correlação significativa do IMC com o N2 (r=0,30), com oIAH (r=0,49), com o IAHREM (r=0,37), com o IMD (r=0,37) e com o N3 (r=-0,38). A obesidade esteve associada à elevaçãono número de apneias e hipopneias, microdespertares e tempo do estágio N2, assim como à redução no tempo doestágio N3 do sono. A combinação destas alterações demonstra baixa qualidade do sono em sujeitos obesos, em relaçãoaos eutróficos ou com sobrepeso.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and obesity are conditions that are gaining importance due to the high prevalence andinfluence on individuals’ health. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare polysomnographic variables among ObstructiveSleep Apnea (OSA) patients classified as eutrophic, overweight or obese. Eighty eight patients were evaluateddivided in eutrophic (EG; n=21; BMI=23.4±1.3kg/m2), overweight (OWG; n=34; BMI=27.5±1.4kg/m2) and obese group(OG; n=33; BMI=33.6±2.9kg/m2) that carried out all-night basal polysomnography for the diagnosis of Obstructive SleepApnea (OSA). The following variables were analyzed: stages 1, 2 and 3 of sleep (N1, N2 and N3), REM sleep, index periodicmovements of the lower limbs (PLMS), apnea and hypopnea (AHI), AHI in REM sleep (AHIREM) and micro-arousalrates (MAR). The OG presented an increase of the N2 (p=0,036), of the AHIREM (p=0.001) and of the MAR (p=0.004), incomparison to EG. The AHI was larger in the OG than in the EG (p<0.001) and in the SG (p=0.014). The OG presentedreduction in the N3 in relation to the EG (p=0.016) and SG (p=0.003). There was a significant correlation of the BMI withthe N2 (r=0.30), with the AHI (r=0.49), with the AHIREM (r=0.37), with the MAR (r=0.37) and with the N3 (r=-0.38). Theobesity has been associated with the increase in the number of apneas and hypopneas, micro-arousals, and time of stage 2,and the reduction in time of stage 3 of sleeping. The combination of these changes demonstrates low quality of sleep onobese individuals, in relation to eutrophic or overweight individuals.

Tributyltin contributes in reducing the vascular reactivity to phenylephrine in isolated aortic rings from female rats.

Organotin compounds such as tributyltin (TBT) are used as antifouling paints by shipping companies. TBT inhibits the aromatase responsible for the transformation of testosterone into estrogen. Our hypothesis is that TBT modulates the vascular reactivity of female rats. Female Wistar rats were treated daily (Control; CONT) or TBT (100 ng/kg) for 15 days. Rings from thoracic aortas were incubated with phenylephrine (PHE, 10(-10)-10(-4) M) in the presence and absence of endothelium, and in the presence of N(G)-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME), tetraethylammonium (TEA) and apocynin. TBT decreased plasma levels of estrogen and the vascular response to PHE. In the TBT group, the vascular reactivity was increased in the absence of endothelium, L-NAME and TEA. The decrease in PHE reactivity during incubation with apocynin was more evident in the TBT group. The sensitivity to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was reduced in the TBT group. TBT increased collagen, reduced α1-smooth muscle actin. Female rats treated with TBT for 15 days showed morphology alteration of the aorta and decreased their vascular reactivity, probably due to mechanisms dependent on nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, K(+) channels and an increase in oxidative stress.

Frequência do diagnóstico de surdez pré-lingual na ausência de indicadores de risco: a importância da triagem auditiva neonatal universal / Frequency of prelingual deafness diagnosis in the absence of risk indicators: the importance of the universal neonatal hearing screening

Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar, a partir de revisão sistemática, a frequência do diagnóstico de surdez pré-lingual na ausência de indicadores de risco para dimensionar a importância da triagem auditiva neonatal universal. Foram selecionados 25 artigos dentre os 247 consultados. O número de crianças deficientes auditivas relatadas foi de 23.158; em 8.246 (35,6%) delas não foi possível determinar a causa da perda auditiva ou a causa estava fora do grupo de risco. Foi possível concluir que a triagem auditiva neonatal universal detectaria precocemente 55,3% mais crianças com deficiência auditiva pré-lingual do que a triagem neonatal feita apenas em crianças pertencentes ao grupo de risco para deficiência auditiva infantil.(AU)

This study aimed AT determining the frequency of prelingual deafness diagnosis in the absence of risk indicators in order to measure the importance of the universal neonatal hearing screening. We selected 25 from 247 papers. The total number of deaf children reported was 23,158. In 8,246 (35.6%) children, the cause of the hearing loss was not possible to be determined or the cause was not considered to be in the risk group. It was concluded that newborn hearing screening could be able to detect in advance 55.3% more children with prelingual hearing impairment than the neonatal screening carried out only in children belonging to the risk group for children hearing loss.(AU)

Frequência do diagnóstico de surdez pré-lingual na ausência de indicadores de risco: a importância da triagem auditiva neonatal universal / Frequency of prelingual deafness diagnosis in the absence of risk indicators: the importance of the universal neonatal hearing screening

Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar, a partir de revisão sistemática, a frequência do diagnóstico de surdez pré-lingual na ausência de indicadores de risco para dimensionar a importância da triagem auditiva neonatal universal. Foram selecionados 25 artigos dentre os 247 consultados. O número de crianças deficientes auditivas relatadas foi de 23.158; em 8.246 (35,6%) delas não foi possível determinar a causa da perda auditiva ou a causa estava fora do grupo de risco. Foi possível concluir que a triagem auditiva neonatal universal detectaria precocemente 55,3% mais crianças com deficiência auditiva pré-lingual do que a triagem neonatal feita apenas em crianças pertencentes ao grupo de risco para deficiência auditiva infantil.

This study aimed AT determining the frequency of prelingual deafness diagnosis in the absence of risk indicators in order to measure the importance of the universal neonatal hearing screening. We selected 25 from 247 papers. The total number of deaf children reported was 23,158. In 8,246 (35.6%) children, the cause of the hearing loss was not possible to be determined or the cause was not considered to be in the risk group. It was concluded that newborn hearing screening could be able to detect in advance 55.3% more children with prelingual hearing impairment than the neonatal screening carried out only in children belonging to the risk group for children hearing loss.

P300 auditory evoked potential latency in elderly.

UNLABELLED: Auditory cortical disorders in the elderly can be assessed by the P300. The lack of contemporary reference values of P300 latency in healthy elderly motivated this study. AIM: To estimate the effect of age on P300 latency in a group of elderly. METHODS: We studied 62 elderly patients with pure tone thresholds up to 40 dB HL at the frequencies of 1000 and 2000 Hz, divided into groups according to age (60-64, 65-69 and 70-74 years). Were assessed by the P300 latency in response to the rare stimulus of 2000 Hz and 1000 Hz frequencies, both in the intensity of 80 dB HL. STUDY DESIGN: clinical, cross-sectional observational individual compared prospective. RESULTS: The latency in Group 60 was 337.26 ms (SD 11.31) in Group 65 was 351.86 ms (SD 29.05) and in Group 70 it was 370.19 ms (SD 23.40). The linear regression of the values of P300 latency showed an increase of 2.85 ms per year of age. The statistical analysis showed that the results were significant. CONCLUSION: The P300 latency increases with age at a rate of 2.85 ms per year between the ages of 60 and 74 years.

Balance assessment in alcoholic subjects.

UNLABELLED: Alcoholism is a chronic condition, consisting on a state of intoxication caused by the consumption of alcohol beverages. Frequently found signs and symptoms are: gait instability, dizziness and lack of psychomotor coordination, among others. AIM: To study the influence of alcoholism on postural balance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study. The sample comprehended 32 individuals in the experimental group, members of the Alcoholic Anonymous Group of the city of Santa Maria-RS and 32 non-alcoholic individuals making up the control group. The individuals were submitted to an otorhinolaryngological evaluation, static and dynamic balance study and cerebellar tests, vecto-electro-nystagmographic evaluation and dynamic posturography. RESULTS: We noticed that the vectoelectronystagmography was normal for most of the individuals in the experimental group, indicating that the labyrinth and the oculomotor-vestibular pathways were normal and that the balance disorder they presented would stem from the dysfunction in other areas of the central or peripheral nervous system. In the dynamic posturography we noticed that alcoholics who were not drinking presented significant alterations in their postural balance when compared to non-alcoholic individuals. CONCLUSION: Alcoholic beverages have a deleterious influence on body balance.

Latência do potencial evocado auditivo P300 em idosos / P300 auditory evoked potential latency in elderly

Auditory cortical disorders in the elderly can be assessed by the P300. The lack of contemporary reference values of P300 latency in healthy elderly motivated this study. AIM: To estimate the effect of age on P300 latency in a group of elderly. METHODS: We studied 62 elderly patients with pure tone thresholds up to 40 dB HL at the frequencies of 1000 and 2000 Hz, divided into groups according to age (60-64, 65-69 and 70-74 years). Were assessed by the P300 latency in response to the rare stimulus of 2000 Hz and 1000 Hz frequencies, both in the intensity of 80 dB HL. STUDY DESIGN: clinical, cross-sectional observational individual compared prospective. RESULTS: The latency in Group 60 was 337.26 ms (SD 11.31) in Group 65 was 351.86 ms (SD 29.05) and in Group 70 it was 370.19 ms (SD 23.40). The linear regression of the values of P300 latency showed an increase of 2.85 ms per year of age. The statistical analysis showed that the results were significant. CONCLUSION: The P300 latency increases with age at a rate of 2.85 ms per year between the ages of 60 and 74 years.

Distúrbios auditivos corticais no idoso podem ser avaliados pelo P300. A falta de valores contemporâneos de referência da latência do P300 em idosos saudáveis motivou este estudo. OBJETIVO: Estimar o efeito da idade sobre a latência do P300 em um grupo de idosos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram estudados 62 idosos, com limiares tonais até 40 dBNA nas frequências de 1000 e 2000 Hz, divididos em grupos de acordo com a idade (60-64, 65-69 e 70-74 anos). Foram avaliados pela pesquisa da latência do P300 em resposta ao estímulo raro de 2000 Hz e ao frequente de 1000 Hz, ambos na intensidade de 80 dBNA. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico, corte transversal observacional, individual comparado, prospectivo. RESULTADOS: A latência no Grupo 60 foi 337,26 ms (DP 11,31), no Grupo 65 foi 351,86 ms (DP 29,05) e no Grupo 70 foi 370,19ms (DP 23,40). A regressão linear dos valores de latência do P300 mostrou um aumento de 2,85 ms por ano de idade. A análise estatística mostrou que os resultados obtidos foram significativos. CONCLUSÃO: A latência do P300 aumenta com a idade em uma taxa de 2,85 ms por ano entre a idade de 60 e 74 anos.

Avaliação do equilíbrio em alcoólicos / Balance assessment in alcoholic subjects

O alcoolismo é uma doença crônica que consiste em um estado de intoxicação causado pelo consumo de álcool. Os sinais e sintomas frequentemente encontrados são entre outros: instabilidade ao andar, tontura e descoordenação psicomotora. OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência do alcoolismo no equilíbrio postural. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo prospectivo; a amostra compreendeu 32 indivíduos para o grupo experimental, frequentadores do grupo de Alcoólicos Anônimos da cidade de Santa Maria-RS e 32 indivíduos não alcoólicos para o grupo controle. Os indivíduos foram submetidos à avaliação otorrinolaringológica, avaliação do equilíbrio estático e dinâmico e provas cerebelares, avaliação vectoeletronistagmográfica e posturografia dinâmica. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se que a vectoeletronistagmografia mostrou-se normal na maioria dos indivíduos do grupo experimental, indicando que o labirinto e as vias vestíbulo-oculomotoras estariam normais e que o distúrbio do equilíbrio por eles apresentado seria decorrente de disfunção em outras áreas do sistema nervoso central ou periférico. Na posturografia dinâmica constatou-se que alcoólicos abstinentes apresentam alterações significantes do equilíbrio postural quando comparados com indivíduos não alcoólicos. CONCLUSÃO: O álcool tem influência deletéria no equilíbrio corporal.

Alcoholism is a chronic condition, consisting on a state of intoxication caused by the consumption of alcohol beverages. Frequently found signs and symptoms are: gait instability, dizziness and lack of psychomotor coordination, among others. AIM: to study the influence of alcoholism on postural balance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: this is a prospective study. The sample comprehended 32 individuals in the experimental group, members of the Alcoholic Anonymous Group of the city of Santa Maria-RS and 32 non-alcoholic individuals making up the control group. The individuals were submitted to an otorhinolaryngological evaluation, static and dynamic balance study and cerebellar tests, vecto-electro-nystagmographic evaluation and dynamic posturography. RESULTS: we noticed that the vectoelectronystagmography was normal for most of the individuals in the experimental group, indicating that the labyrinth and the oculomotor-vestibular pathways were normal and that the balance disorder they presented would stem from the dysfunction in other areas of the central or peripheral nervous system. In the dynamic posturography we noticed that alcoholics who were not drinking presented significant alterations in their postural balance when compared to non-alcoholic individuals. CONCLUSION: alcoholic beverages have a deleterious influence on body balance.